ESD plastic: how to protect electronics from static electricity

Electrostatic discharges can damage sensitive electronics. ESD plastic dissipates static charge and protects components. In production environments where circuit boards, chips and sensitive parts are handled, using the right material provides simple yet vital protection.

What is ESD and why does it matter?

ESD stands for electrostatic discharge. When two surfaces rub against each other or are separated, charges can build up. If these charges are then discharged through an electronic component, the component may be damaged or destroyed.

In electronics, the semiconductor industry and during the assembly of printed circuit boards, it is important that materials and work surfaces do not build up static charge. Here, ESD plastics are used to dissipate charges in a controlled manner.

The distinction between antistatic material and ESD-safe material is important. Antistatic material prevents the build-up of static charge, but does not necessarily dissipate it. ESD plastic has a controlled electrical resistance and dissipates the charge slowly and safely.

What materials are available as ESD plastics?

ESD plastics are available in several different base materials. Common choices include ESD-PA6, ESD-POM, ESD-PC and ESD-PEI. The choice depends on the mechanical, chemical and thermal requirements of the component.

POM-C with an ESD additive provides good dimensional stability and low friction. PC with ESD properties is suitable where transparent protection is required. PA6 with an ESD additive is used for mechanical components that also need to withstand wear and tear.

ESD plastics are often black or dark in colour due to carbon-based additives. It is the additive, not the colour, that provides the conductive properties. You should therefore always check the resistance values rather than relying on the colour.

Surfaces, components and assembly

ESD plastic is used for tools, fixtures, boxes, protective covers and components that come into contact with electronics. The material can be turned, milled and drilled in the same way as standard engineering plastics.

When machining ESD plastics, it is important not to damage the surface properties in a way that increases the risk of static build-up. Use clean tools and avoid grinding, which can make the surface insulating. After machining, the surface should be cleaned to remove dust and swarf.

For maximum safety in ESD-protected zones, plastic components should be combined with other ESD protection measures, such as wrist straps, mats and earthing. The material forms part of a wider protection system.

Resistance ranges and classification

ESD plastics are often classified according to surface resistivity. Charge-conductive materials have lower resistance and dissipate charges quickly. Dissipative materials have higher resistance and dissipate charges more slowly. Both have their place depending on the application.

Dissipative materials are often used for work surfaces and storage. For components that are to be earthed directly, charge-dissipative materials may be more suitable.

Next step

Do you need ESD-grade plastic for your production? Contact us for material selection, view our range or order custom-sized components with VisualCutter.

Test and validate

Before introducing ESD plastic into production, you should measure the surface resistivity. Use a surface resistivity meter to check that the material falls within the desired range. Take measurements both before and after machining.

Document the results so that you can demonstrate that the choice of material meets the requirements. This is particularly important if you supply customers in the electronics or semiconductor industries.

Storage and handling

ESD plastics should be stored in a dry place and protected from direct sunlight. Moisture and UV light can affect the conductive additives over time. Store the material in its original packaging until it is to be used.

When handling the material, you should wear gloves or other ESD protection to prevent transferring grease and dirt to the surface. Clean surfaces provide better ESD properties and a longer service life.

How to choose ESD plastic

ESD plastic is available in a range of materials and levels of electrical conductivity. The choice depends on the type of electronics you are handling and the requirements of your production environment. Some applications require permanent dissipative properties, whilst others can manage with a surface treatment.

Bear in mind that surface layers and coatings can wear away over time. It is therefore often safer to choose a material that is conductive throughout its entire cross-section. Such materials retain their ESD properties even after cutting and machining.

Always check that the material complies with the relevant standards for your industry. The electronics, defence and automotive industries have different requirements for surface resistance and charge decay time.

Summary

ESD plastic protects electronics from damage caused by static electricity. Choosing the right material and surface properties reduces the risk of costly faults and returns.

Determine the resistance level you require, select a material that retains its properties during processing, and check that it complies with industry standards.

Frequently asked questions

What does ESD stand for? ESD stands for ElectroStatic Discharge, i.e. the discharge of static electricity that can damage electronics.

Does all handling of electronics require ESD protection? It depends on the sensitivity of the components, but many modern circuits require protected handling.

Do ESD properties wear off during cutting? It depends on the material. Surface treatments can wear off, whilst volume-conductive materials retain their properties.